Quasiparticle trapping in Meissner and vortex states of mesoscopic superconductors

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how magnetic fields can control quasiparticle populations in mesoscopic superconductors, leading to electron cooling in both Meissner and vortex states, supported by experimental and theoretical analysis.

Contribution

It provides the first combined experimental and theoretical study of quasiparticle control via magnetic fields in mesoscopic superconductors.

Findings

Magnetic fields effectively suppress excess quasiparticles.

Quasiparticle dynamics are well-described by the proposed theoretical model.

Electron cooling is achieved in both Meissner and vortex states.

Abstract

Nowadays superconductors serve in numerous applications, from high-field magnets to ultra-sensitive detectors of radiation. Mesoscopic superconducting devices, i.e. those with nanoscale dimensions, are in a special position as they are easily driven out of equilibrium under typical operating conditions. The out-of-equilibrium superconductors are characterized by non-equilibrium quasiparticles. These extra excitations can compromise the performance of mesoscopic devices by introducing, e.g., leakage currents or decreased coherence times in quantum devices. By applying an external magnetic field, one can conveniently suppress or redistribute the population of excess quasiparticles. In this article we present an experimental demonstration and a theoretical analysis of such effective control of quasiparticles, resulting in electron cooling both in the Meissner and vortex states of a mesoscopic superconductor. We introduce a theoretical model of quasiparticle dynamics which is in quantitative agreement with the experimental data.