Changing anyonic ground degeneracy with engineered gauge fields

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how engineered gauge fields can alter the topological degeneracy in lattice anyon systems, enabling transitions between different topological phases without destroying topological order.

Contribution

It introduces a method to bypass symmetry-protected degeneracy in anyonic systems using specifically designed gauge fields, with a detailed study on a76a0parafermion chains.

Findings

Gauge fields can induce phase transitions between different topological degeneracies.

Transition from a76a0 to a73a0 degeneracy in a76a0 parafermion chains.

Critical behavior follows the three-state Potts universality class.

Abstract

For systems of lattice anyons like Majorana and parafermions, the unconventional quantum statistics determines a set of global symmetries (e.g., fermion parity for Majoranas) admitting no relevant perturbations. Any operator that breaks these symmetries explicitly would violate locality if added to the the Hamiltonian. As a consequence, the associated quasi-degeneracy of topologically non-trivial phases is protected, at least partially, by locality via the symmetries singled out by quantum statistics. We show that it is possible to bypass this type of protection by way of specifically engineered gauge fields, in order to modify the topological structure of the edge of the system without destroying the topological order completely. To illustrate our ideas in a concrete setting, we focus on the \(\Z_6\) parafermion chain. Starting in the topological phase of the chain (sixfold ground degeneracy), we show that a gauge field with restricted dynamics acts as a relevant perturbation, driving a transition to a phase with threefold degeneracy and \(\Z_3\) parafermion edge modes. The transition from the \(\Z_3\) to the topologically trivial phase occurs on a critical line in the three-state Potts universality class. We also investigate numerically the emergence of Majorana edge modes when the \(\Z_6\) chain is coupled to a differently restricted gauge field.