Atomic and Molecular Data for Optical Stellar Spectroscopy

TL;DR

High-precision optical stellar spectroscopy relies on high-quality atomic and molecular data, which are essential for interpreting spectra and understanding stellar and galactic evolution, supported by extensive laboratory and database efforts.

Contribution

This paper reviews the current status of atomic and molecular data for optical stellar spectroscopy, highlighting data sources and their role in large-scale stellar surveys like Gaia-ESO.

Findings

Reviewed data sources for 35 chemical elements.

Illustrated data application in Gaia-ESO survey.

Emphasized importance of databases like NIST and VAMDC.

Abstract

High-precision spectroscopy of large stellar samples plays a crucial role for several topical issues in astrophysics. Examples include studying the chemical structure and evolution of the Milky Way galaxy, tracing the origin of chemical elements, and characterizing planetary host stars. Data are accumulating from instruments that obtain high-quality spectra of stars in the ultraviolet, optical and infrared wavelength regions on a routine basis. These instruments are located at ground-based 2- to 10-m class telescopes around the world, in addition to the spectrographs with unique capabilities available at the Hubble Space Telescope. The interpretation of these spectra requires high-quality transition data for numerous species, in particular neutral and singly ionized atoms, and di- or triatomic molecules. We rely heavily on the continuous efforts of laboratory astrophysics groups that produce and improve the relevant experimental and theoretical atomic and molecular data. The compilation of the best available data is facilitated by databases and electronic infrastructures such as the NIST Atomic Spectra Database, the VALD database, or the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC). We illustrate the current status of atomic data for optical stellar spectra with the example of the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey. Data sources for 35 chemical elements were reviewed in an effort to construct a line list for a homogeneous abundance analysis of up to 100000 stars.