Extending theories on muon-specific interactions

TL;DR

This paper explores how extending models with new vector bosons to be renormalizable can address the proton radius puzzle and muon anomalies without conflicting with high-energy experimental constraints.

Contribution

It demonstrates that embedding simple BSM models into larger, renormalizable theories preserves gauge invariance and aligns low-energy explanations with high-energy data.

Findings

Embedding models restores gauge invariance.

Controls high energy decay and scattering amplitudes.

Maintains viability of BSM explanations for the proton radius puzzle.

Abstract

The proton radius puzzle, the discrepancy between the proton radius measured in muonic hydrogen and electronic hydrogen, has yet to be resolved. There are suggestions that beyond the standard model (BSM) physics could resolve both this puzzle and the muon anomalous magnetic moment discrepancy. Karshenboim et al. point out that simple, nonrenormalizable, models in this direction involving new vector bosons have serious problems when confronting high energy data. The prime example is radiative corrections to W to mu nu decay which exceed experimental bounds. We show how embedding the model in a larger and arguably renormalizable theory restores gauge invariance of the vector particle interactions and controls the high energy behavior of decay and scattering amplitudes. Thus BSM explanations of the proton radius puzzle can still be viable.