Methanol Observation of IRAS 19312+1950: A Possible New Type of Class I Methanol Masers

TL;DR

This study reports the first detection of class I methanol masers in an evolved star, IRAS 19312+1950, revealing shock interactions in its circumstellar environment and challenging existing stellar evolution models.

Contribution

It provides the first confirmed detection of class I methanol masers in an evolved star, expanding understanding of circumstellar chemistry and shock processes.

Findings

Detected 6 methanol lines, including 2 class I masers.

Indicated shock regions involved in methanol emission.

First case of class I masers in an evolved star environment.

Abstract

We report the result of a systematic methanol observation toward IRAS 19312+1950. The properties of the SiO, H2O and OH masers of this object are consistent with those of mass-losing evolved stars, but some other properties are difficult to explain in the standard scheme of stellar evolution in its late stage. Interestingly, a tentative detection of radio methanol lines was suggested toward this object by a previous observation. To date, there are no confirmed detections of methanol emission towards evolved stars, so investigation of this possible detection is important to better understand the circumstellar physical/chemical environment of IRAS 19312+1950. In this study, we systematically observed multiple methanol lines of IRAS 19312+1950 in the lambda=3mm, 7mm, and 13mm bands, and detected 6 lines including 4 thermal lines and 2 class I maser lines. We derived basic physical parameters including kinetic temperature and relative abundances by fitting a radiative transfer model. According to the derived excitation temperature and line profiles, a spherically expanding outflow lying at the center of the nebulosity is excluded from the possibilities for methanol emission regions. The detection of class I methanol maser emission suggests that a shock region is involved in the system of IRAS 19312+1950. If the central star of IRAS 19312+1950 is an evolved star as suggested in the past, the class I maser detected in the present observation is the first case detected in an interaction region between an evolved star outflow and ambient molecular gas.