Baryon Number as the Fourth Color

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel extension of the Standard Model where baryon number is incorporated into a non-Abelian gauge symmetry, unifying it with color and predicting new particles and dark matter candidates detectable at the LHC.

Contribution

It proposes a new gauge symmetry framework (SU(4) x SU(2)_L x U(1)_X) that unifies baryon number with color and explores its implications for dark matter and collider signatures.

Findings

Predicts uncolored quark partners stabilized by baryon number symmetry

Connects dark matter relic abundance with baryon asymmetry

Suggests detectable signatures at the LHC

Abstract

We propose an extension of the Standard Model in which baryon number is promoted to be part of a non-Abelian gauge symmetry at high energies. Specifically, we consider the gauge group SU(4) x SU(2)_L x U(1)_X, where the SU(4) unifies baryon number and color. This symmetry is spontaneously broken down to the Standard Model gauge group at a scale which can be as low as a few TeV. The SU(4) structure implies that each SM quark comes along with an uncolored quark partner, the lightest of which is stabilized by the generalized baryon number symmetry and can play the role of dark matter. We explore circumstances under which one can realize a model of asymmetric dark matter whose relic abundance is connected to the observed baryon asymmetry, and discuss unique signatures that can be searched for at the LHC.