Some properties of U(1) gauged Q-balls

TL;DR

This paper explores the properties of U(1) gauged Q-balls, revealing significant differences from nongauged Q-balls, including potential upper bounds on charge, supported by analytical and numerical methods.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of gauged and nongauged Q-balls, highlighting new properties and bounds introduced by gauge interactions.

Findings

Gauged Q-balls can have an upper charge bound.

Properties of gauged Q-balls differ significantly from nongauged ones.

Results are supported by analytical and numerical evidence.

Abstract

In this paper we examine the properties of $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls in two models with different scalar field potentials. The obtained results demonstrate that in the general case $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls possess properties, which differ considerably from those of Q-balls in the nongauged case with the same forms of the scalar field potential. In particular, it is shown that in some cases the charge of $U(1)$ gauged Q-ball can be bounded from above, whereas it is not so for the corresponding nongauged Q-ball. Our conclusions are supported both by analytical considerations and numerical calculations.