Unusual Sensitivity of Superconductivity to Strain in Iron-Based 122 Superconductors

TL;DR

This paper investigates the extreme sensitivity of superconductivity in iron-based 122 superconductors to strain, showing that strain can significantly enhance or suppress Tc and related properties, indicating unconventional pairing mechanisms.

Contribution

It reveals the pronounced impact of strain on superconductivity in 122 iron-based superconductors and compares this sensitivity to other unconventional superconductors, providing insights into pairing mechanisms.

Findings

Strain from annealing can increase Tc by up to 10%.

Grinding reduces transition width and suppresses specific heat discontinuity.

Superconductivity is highly sensitive to strain and damage, suggesting unconventional pairing.

Abstract

Co-doped BaFe2As2 has been previously shown to have an unusually significant improvement of Tc (up to 2 K, or almost 10%) with annealing 1-2 weeks at 700 or 800 C, where such annealing conditions are insufficient to allow significant atomic diffusion. While confirming similar behavior in optimally Co-doped SrFe2As2 samples, the influence on Tc of strain induced by grinding to ~50 micron sized particles, followed by pressing the powder into a pellet using 10 kbar pressure, was found to increase the annealed transition width of 1.5 K by approximately a factor of ten. Also, the bulk discontinuity in the specific heat at Tc, deltaC, on the same pellet sample was completely suppressed by grinding. This evidence for a strong sensitivity of superconductivity to strain was used to optimize single crystal growth of Co-doped BaFe2As2. This strong dependence (both positive via annealing and negative via grinding) of superconductivity on strain in these two iron based 122 structure superconductors is compared to the unconventional heavy Fermion superconductor UPt3, where grinding is known to completely suppress superconductivity, and to recent reports of strong sensitivity of Tc to damage induced by electron-irradiation-induced point defects in other 122 structure iron-based superconductors, Ba(Fe0.76Ru0.24)2As2 and Ba1-xKxFe2As2. Both the electron irradiation and the introduction of strain by grinding are believed to only introduce non-magnetic defects, and argue for unconventional superconducting pairing.