Evidence of quantum dimer excitations in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$

TL;DR

This study investigates the magnetic excitations in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ using RIXS and develops a quantum dimer model, revealing two well-separated magnon branches consistent with weakly coupled dimers, contrasting previous interpretations.

Contribution

The paper introduces a bond-operator theory modeling Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ as a system of quantum dimers, providing a new explanation for its magnetic excitation spectrum.

Findings

Identification of two distinct magnon branches in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$

Quantum dimer model accurately describes the dispersion of magnetic modes

Qualitative agreement between RIXS intensity dependence and spin-spin correlation functions

Abstract

The magnetic excitation spectrum in the bilayer iridate Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ has been investigated using high-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) performed at the iridium L$_3$ edge and theoretical techniques. A study of the systematic dependence of the RIXS spectrum on the orientation of the wavevector transfer, $\mathbf{Q}$, with respect to the iridium-oxide bilayer has revealed that the magnon dispersion is comprised of two branches well separated in energy and gapped across the entire Brillouin zone. Our results contrast with those of an earlier study which reported the existence of a single dominant branch. While these earlier results were interpreted as two overlapping modes within a spin-wave model of weakly coupled iridium-oxide planes, our results are more reminiscent of those expected for a system of weakly coupled dimers. In this latter approach the lower and higher energy modes find a natural explanation as those corresponding to transverse and longitudinal fluctuations, respectively. We have therefore developed a bond-operator theory which describes the magnetic dispersion in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ in terms of quantum dimer excitations. In our model dimerisation is produced by the leading Heisenberg exchange, $J_c$, which couples iridium ions in adjacent planes of the bilayer. The Hamiltonian also includes in plane exchange, $J$, as well as further neighbour couplings and relevant anisotropies. The bond-operator theory provides an excellent account of the dispersion of both modes, while the measured $\mathbf{Q}$ dependence of the RIXS intensities is in reasonable qualitative accord with the spin-spin correlation function calculated from the theory. We discuss our results in the context of the quantum criticality of bilayer dimer systems in the presence of anisotropic interactions derived from strong spin-orbit coupling.