Dissipative properties of hot and dense hadronic matter in excluded volume hadron resonance gas model

TL;DR

This paper calculates the shear and bulk viscosities of hot, dense hadronic matter using an excluded volume hadron resonance gas model, revealing temperature and chemical potential dependencies relevant to heavy-ion collision experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed estimation of dissipative properties within the EHRG model, highlighting their behavior at different chemical potentials and along freezeout conditions.

Findings

Shear viscosity to entropy ratio decreases with temperature at zero chemical potential.

At finite chemical potential, the ratio approaches the KSS bound.

Bulk viscosity to entropy ratio decreases with temperature and varies with chemical potential.

Abstract

We estimate dissipative properties viz: shear and bulk viscosities of hadronic matter using relativistic Boltzmann equation in relaxation time approximation within ambit of excluded volume hadron resonance gas (EHRG) model. We find that at zero baryon chemical potential the shear viscosity to entropy ratio ($\eta/s$) decreases with temperature while at finite baryon chemical potential this ratio shows same behavior as a function of temperature but reaches close to Kovtun-Son-Starinets (KSS) bound. Further along chemical freezout curve, ratio $\eta/s$ is almost constant apart from small initial monotonic rise. This observation may have some relevance to the experimental finding that the differential elliptic flow of charged hadrons does not change considerably at lower center of mass energy. We further find that bulk viscosity to entropy density ($\zeta/s$) decreases with temperature while this ratio has higher value at finite baryon chemical potential at higher temperature. Along freezout curve $\zeta/s$ decreases monotonically at lower center of mass energy and then saturates.