Positive and necklace solitary waves on bounded domains

TL;DR

This paper introduces new multipeak necklace solitary wave solutions for the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation on bounded domains, analyzing their stability properties and potential for high-power laser beam propagation.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed analysis of necklace solitary waves on bounded domains, including stability regimes and a novel numerical method for their computation.

Findings

Necklace solitary waves are stable at low powers but become unstable below Pcr.

On annular domains, necklace waves have a second stability regime at high powers.

Necklace waves can propagate at powers significantly above Pcr, enabling higher-power laser applications.

Abstract

We present new solitarywave solutions of the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation on bounded domains (such as rectangles, circles, and annuli). These multipeak necklace solitary waves consist of several identical positive profiles (pearls), such that adjacent pearls have opposite signs. They are stable at low powers, but become unstable at powers well below the critical power for collapse Pcr. This is in contrast with the ground-state (single-pearl) solitary waves on bounded domains, which are stable at any power below Pcr. On annular domains, the ground state solitary waves are radial at low powers, but undergo a symmetry breaking at a threshold power well below Pcr. As in the case of convex bounded domains, necklace solitary waves on the annulus are stable at low powers and become unstable at powers well below Pcr. Unlike on convex bounded domains, however, necklace solitarywaves on the annulus have a second stability regime at powers well above Pcr. For example, when the ratio of the inner to outer radii is 1:2, four-pearl necklaces are stable when their power is between 3.1Pcr and 3.7Pcr. This finding opens the possibility to propagate localized laser beams with substantiallymore power than was possible until now. The instability of necklace solitary waves is excited by perturbations that break the antisymmetry between adjacent pearls, and is manifested by power transfer between pearls. In particular, necklace instability is unrelated to collapse. In order to compute numerically the profile of necklace solitary waves on bounded domains, we introduce a non-spectral variant of Petviashvilis renormalization method.