Hierarchical Star Formation across the ring galaxy NGC 6503

TL;DR

This study analyzes the hierarchical clustering of young stars in the ring galaxy NGC 6503, revealing scale-free, fractal star formation patterns regulated by turbulence and shear, with implications for understanding star formation processes.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed hierarchical clustering analysis of young stars in NGC 6503's ring galaxy using deep HST data, highlighting scale-free, turbulent-driven star formation.

Findings

Identified 244 star-forming structures with hierarchical organization.

Found power-law size distribution and fractal dimension ~1.7.

Observed a transition from clustered to distributed stars over ~60 Myr.

Abstract

We present a detailed clustering analysis of the young stellar population across the star-forming ring galaxy NGC 6503, based on the deep HST photometry obtained with the Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS). We apply a contour-based map analysis technique and identify in the stellar surface density map 244 distinct star-forming structures at various levels of significance. These stellar complexes are found to be organized in a hierarchical fashion with 95% being members of three dominant super-structures located along the star-forming ring. The size distribution of the identified structures and the correlation between their radii and numbers of stellar members show power-law behaviors, as expected from scale-free processes. The self-similar distribution of young stars is further quantified from their autocorrelation function, with a fractal dimension of ~1.7 for length-scales between ~20 pc and 2.5 kpc. The young stellar radial distribution sets the extent of the star-forming ring at radial distances between 1 and 2.5 kpc. About 60% of the young stars belong to the detected stellar structures, while the remaining stars are distributed among the complexes, still inside the ring of the galaxy. The analysis of the time-dependent clustering of young populations shows a significant change from a more clustered to a more distributed behavior in a time-scale of ~60 Myr. The observed hierarchy in stellar clustering is consistent with star formation being regulated by turbulence across the ring. The rotational velocity difference between the edges of the ring suggests shear as the driving mechanism for this process. Our findings reveal the interesting case of an inner ring forming stars in a hierarchical fashion.