Conjugate adaptive optics in widefield microscopy with an extended-source wavefront sensor

TL;DR

This paper introduces a conjugate adaptive optics method for widefield microscopy that uses a single-shot wavefront sensor to correct aberrations across large fields without guide stars, enabling clearer imaging of extended samples.

Contribution

It presents a novel conjugate adaptive optics approach utilizing a partitioned-aperture sensor for widefield microscopy without guide stars, suitable for large fields of view.

Findings

Successful theoretical demonstration of the technique.

Proof-of-concept experimental validation.

Robust image de-blurring achieved.

Abstract

Adaptive optics is a strategy to compensate for sample-induced aberrations in microscopy applications. Generally, it requires the presence of "guide stars" in the sample to serve as localized reference targets. We describe an implementation of conjugate adaptive optics that is amenable to widefield (i.e. non-scanning) microscopy, and can provide aberration corrections over potentially large fields of view without the use of guide stars. A unique feature of our implementation is that it is based on wavefront sensing with a single-shot partitioned-aperture sensor that provides large dynamic range compatible with extended samples. Combined information provided by this sensor and the imaging camera enable robust image de-blurring based on a rapid estimation of sample and aberrations obtained by closed-loop feedback. We present the theoretical principle of our technique and proof of concept experimental demonstrations.