On a doubly critical Schr\"odinger system in $\bbr^4$ with steep potential wells

TL;DR

This paper investigates the existence and behavior of solutions to a critical two-component Schrödinger system in four-dimensional space with steep potential wells, revealing phase separation phenomena and concentration behaviors.

Contribution

It provides the first analysis of phase separation in critical Schrödinger systems in br^4, including existence of semi-trivial solutions and solution concentration behaviors.

Findings

Existence of ground state solutions and semi-trivial solutions established.

Observation of concentration behaviors and phase separation phenomena.

First description of phase separation in critical systems on br^4.

Abstract

Study the following two-component elliptic system% \begin{equation*} \left\{\aligned&\Delta u-(\lambda a(x)+a_0)u+u^3+\beta v^2u=0\quad&\text{in }\bbr^4,\\% &\Delta v-(\lambda b(x)+b_0)v+v^3+\beta u^2v=0\quad&\text{in }\bbr^4,\\% &(u,v)\in\h\times\h,\endaligned\right.% \end{equation*} where $a_0,b_0\in\bbr$ are constants; $\lambda>0$ and $\beta\in\bbr$ are parameters and $a(x), b(x)\geq0$ are potential wells which are not necessarily to be radial symmetric. By using the variational method, we investigate the existence of ground state solutions and general ground state solutions (i.e., possibly semi-trivial) to this system. Indeed, to the best of our knowledge, even the existence of semi-trivial solutions is also unknown in the literature. We observe some concentration behaviors of ground state solutions and general ground state solutions. The phenomenon of phase separations is also excepted. It seems that this is the first result definitely describing the phenomenon of phase separation for critical system in the whole space $\bbr^4$. Note that both the cubic nonlinearities and the coupled terms of the system are all of critical growth with respect to the Sobolev critical exponent.