Quantum Secret Sharing and Random Hopping; Using single states instead of entanglement

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new quantum secret sharing protocol that uses single quantum states instead of entanglement, applicable to any dimension, simplifying implementation with current technology.

Contribution

It presents a generalized sequential quantum secret sharing protocol valid for any dimension, overcoming previous limitations to prime dimensions.

Findings

Protocol works for any dimension d, not just prime numbers.

Reduces reliance on complex entanglement in quantum secret sharing.

Enhances feasibility of quantum secret sharing with current technology.

Abstract

Quantum protocols for secret sharing usually rely on multi-party entanglement which with present technology is very difficult to achieve. Recently it has been shown that sequential manipulation and communication of a single $d-$ level state can do the same task of secret sharing between $N$ parties, hence alleviating the need for entanglement. However the suggested protocol which is based on using mutually unbiased bases, works only when $d$ is a prime number. We propose a new sequential protocol which is valid for any $d$.