Complex Quantum Network Manifolds in Dimension $d>2$ are Scale-Free

TL;DR

This paper introduces Complex Quantum Network Manifolds (CQNM) that model quantum geometries, revealing that in dimensions greater than two, these networks are scale-free with inhomogeneous degree distributions, and exhibit emergent quantum statistical behaviors.

Contribution

The paper defines CQNM as a new class of quantum network models based on growing simplicial complexes, showing their scale-free nature in higher dimensions and emergent quantum statistics.

Findings

CQNM are homogeneous in 2D and scale-free in higher dimensions.

Quantum statistics emerge spontaneously in CQNM.

Degree distributions follow Fermi-Dirac, Boltzmann, or Bose-Einstein statistics depending on face dimension.

Abstract

In quantum gravity, several approaches have been proposed until now for the quantum description of discrete geometries. These theoretical frameworks include loop quantum gravity, causal dynamical triangulations, causal sets, quantum graphity, and energetic spin networks. Most of these approaches describe discrete spaces as homogeneous network manifolds. Here we define Complex Quantum Network Manifolds (CQNM) describing the evolution of quantum network states, and constructed from growing simplicial complexes of dimension $d$. We show that in $d=2$ CQNM are homogeneous networks while for $d>2$ they are scale-free i.e. they are characterized by large inhomogeneities of degrees like most complex networks. From the self-organized evolution of CQNM quantum statistics emerge spontaneously. Here we define the generalized degrees associated with the $\delta$-faces of the $d$-dimensional CQNMs, and we show that the statistics of these generalized degrees can either follow Fermi-Dirac, Boltzmann or Bose-Einstein distributions depending on the dimension of the $\delta$-faces.