Digital image watermarking using normal matrices

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel digital image watermarking technique utilizing eigenvalue decomposition of normal matrices, offering a simpler, efficient, and robust method for embedding and extracting watermarks in images.

Contribution

The paper proposes a new watermarking approach based on spectral properties of normal matrices, which simplifies computations and enhances robustness compared to existing methods.

Findings

Achieves satisfactory watermark embedding quality.

Requires less computational effort.

Demonstrates robustness through experimental results.

Abstract

This paper presents techniques for digital image watermarking based on eigenvalue decomposition of normal matrices. The introduced methods are convenient and self-explanatory, achieve satisfactory results, as well as require less and easy computations compared to some current methods. Through the proposed methods, host images and watermarks are transformed to the space of normal matrices, and the properties of spectral decompositions are dealt with to obtain watermarked images. Watermark extraction is carried out via a procedure similar to embedding. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the reliability and robustness of the methods.