Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in single pairs of images

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a single pair of images of spatially entangled photons suffices to confirm the EPR paradox, highlighting the non-local quantum behavior without requiring multiple repetitions.

Contribution

It introduces a method to verify the EPR paradox using only single image pairs, eliminating the need for averaging over many measurements.

Findings

Single image pairs can reveal the EPR paradox.

The variance of twin images is below the quantum limit.

High confidence in demonstrating non-locality from single images.

Abstract

Spatially entangled twin photons provide a test of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox in its original form of position (image plane) versus impulsion (Fourier plane). We show that recording a single pair of images in each plane is sufficient to safely demonstrate an EPR paradox. On each pair of images, we have retrieved the fluctuations by subtracting the fitted deterministic intensity shape and then have obtained an intercorrelation peak with a sufficient signal to noise ratio to safely distinguish this peak from random fluctuations. A 95% confidence interval has been determined, confirming a high degree of paradox whatever the considered single pairs. Last, we have verified that the value of the variance of the difference between twin images is always below the quantum (poissonian) limit, in order to ensure the particle character of the demonstration. Our demonstration shows that a single image pattern can reveal the quantum and non-local behavior of light, without any need of averaging after repeating the experiment.