Investigating of Spherical Composite Accelerating Cavity for High Gradient Linacs

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel spherical composite accelerating cavity design that reduces wall losses and enhances the quality factor, potentially enabling higher gradients in linear accelerators.

Contribution

The paper presents a new resonant composite cavity with a dielectric sphere that shifts magnetic fields away from walls, significantly reducing breakdown risk and increasing quality factor.

Findings

Field components at metallic walls are minimized.

Quality factor can be three orders of magnitude higher.

Cavity is less prone to electrical breakdowns.

Abstract

Maximum amplitudes of accelerating fields are restricted by electron breakdown and Joule heating losses in conducting walls in traditional accelerating structures. In this paper, we presented a resonant composite accelerating cavity, which utilizes a periodic structure with a dielectric sphere located at a spherical conducting cavity center. The presence of the dielectric sphere in the central part of the resonance cavity shifts the magnetic fields maximum from regions close to the metallic wall to the dielectric surface, which strongly lowers the skin effect losses in the wall. By using the existing ultra-low loss Sapphire dielectrics, we made theoretical analyze and numerical calculations by MATLAB, and further make simulated calculation by CST for comparison. The results show that all field components at the metallic wall are either zero or very small, and therefore one can expect the cavity to be less prone to electrical breakdowns than the traditional cavity. Furthermore, the quality factor Q can be three orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in existing cylindrical cavities.