Relativistic Causal Hydrodynamics Derived from Boltzmann Equation: a novel reduction theoretical approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel reduction method based on the renormalization-group technique to derive second-order relativistic hydrodynamics directly from the Boltzmann equation, ensuring causality and stability.

Contribution

It presents a new systematic derivation of relativistic hydrodynamics using a renormalization-group approach, providing compact expressions for transport coefficients and relaxation times.

Findings

Transport coefficients match Chapman-Enskog results

Relaxation times have physically plausible forms

Hydrodynamic fluctuations propagate below light speed

Abstract

We derive the second-order hydrodynamic equation and the microscopic formulae of the relaxation times as well as the transport coefficients systematically from the relativistic Boltzmann equation. Our derivation is based on a novel development of the renormalization-group method, a powerful reduction theory of dynamical systems, which has been applied successfully to derive the non-relativistic second-order hydrodynamic equation Our theory nicely gives a compact expression of the deviation of the distribution function in terms of the linearized collision operator, which is different from those used as an ansatz in the conventional fourteen-moment method. It is confirmed that the resultant microscopic expressions of the transport coefficients coincide with those derived in the Chapman-Enskog expansion method. Furthermore, we show that the microscopic expressions of the relaxation times have natural and physically plausible forms. We prove that the propagating velocities of the fluctuations of the hydrodynamical variables do not exceed the light velocity, and hence our seconder-order equation ensures the desired causality. It is also confirmed that the equilibrium state is stable for any perturbation described by our equation.