Measuring the speed of light and the moon distance with an occultation of Mars by the Moon: a Citizen Astronomy Campaign

TL;DR

This citizen science campaign used simple instruments to measure the speed of light and lunar distance during a lunar occultation of Mars, demonstrating public engagement in meaningful astronomical measurements.

Contribution

It showcases how amateur astronomers can collaboratively measure fundamental constants using accessible technology during celestial events.

Findings

Achieved measurements of light speed and lunar distance with few percent uncertainties.

Demonstrated effective public engagement in scientific data collection.

Collected data from multiple sites over 2,500 km apart.

Abstract

In July 5th 2014 an occultation of Mars by the Moon was visible in South America. Citizen scientists and professional astronomers in Colombia, Venezuela and Chile performed a set of simple observations of the phenomenon aimed to measure the speed of light and lunar distance. This initiative is part of the so called "Aristarchus Campaign", a citizen astronomy project aimed to reproduce observations and measurements made by astronomers of the past. Participants in the campaign used simple astronomical instruments (binoculars or small telescopes) and other electronic gadgets (cell-phones and digital cameras) to measure occultation times and to take high resolution videos and pictures. In this paper we describe the results of the Aristarchus Campaign. We compiled 9 sets of observations from sites separated by distances as large as 2,500 km. We achieve at measuring the speed of light in vacuum and lunar distance with uncertainties of few percent. The goal of the Aristarchus Campaigns is not to provide improved values of well-known astronomical and physical quantities, but to demonstrate how the public could be engaged in scientific endeavors using simple instrumentation and readily available technological devices. These initiatives could benefit amateur communities in developing countries increasing their awareness towards their actual capabilities for collaboratively obtaining useful astronomical data. This kind of exercises would prepare them for facing future and more advanced observational campaigns where their role could be crucial.