Thermoelectric generators as self-oscillating heat engines

TL;DR

This paper models thermoelectric generators as self-oscillating heat engines driven by plasma oscillations, using Markovian master equations to describe their thermodynamic operation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theoretical framework for thermoelectric generators as self-oscillating heat engines based on plasma oscillations.

Findings

Plasma oscillations act as a piston in thermoelectric systems.

The model aligns with thermodynamic laws.

Mathematical formalism is rigorously derived from Hamiltonian models.

Abstract

In the previous paper of Alicki et.al. a model of a solar cell has been proposed in which the non-periodic source of energy - photon flux - drives the collective periodic motion of electrons in a form of plasma oscillations. Subsequently, plasma oscillations are rectified by the p-n junction diode into the direct current (work). This approach makes a solar cell similar to standard macroscopic heat motors or turbines which always contain two heat baths, the working medium and the periodically moving piston or rotor. Here, a very similar model is proposed in order to describe the operation principles of thermoelectric generators based either on bimetallic or semiconductor p-n junctions. Again plasma oscillation corresponds to a piston and sunlight is replaced by a hot bath. The mathematical formalism is based on the Markovian master equations which can be derived in a rigorous way from the underlying Hamiltonian models and are consistent with the laws of thermodynamics.