Chiral degeneracies and Fermi-surface Chern numbers in bcc Fe

TL;DR

This paper investigates the topological features of bcc Fe's electronic structure, identifying Weyl points and nodal rings, and relates these to Fermi surface Chern numbers affecting anomalous Hall conductivity.

Contribution

It provides a first-principles analysis of chiral degeneracies in bcc Fe and clarifies their relation to Fermi surface Chern numbers, highlighting specific pockets with nonzero topological charge.

Findings

Identification of Weyl points and nodal rings in bcc Fe

Most Fermi sheets have zero net Chern number due to symmetry

Two electron pockets with nonzero Chern numbers of ±1

Abstract

The degeneracies in the spinor bandstructure of bcc Fe are studied from first principles. We find numerous isolated band touchings carrying chiral charges of magnitude one (Weyl points) or two (double-Weyl nodes), as well as nonchiral degeneracy loops (nodal rings). Some degeneracies are located on symmetry lines or planes in the Brillouin zone and others at generic low-symmetry points, realizing all possible scenarios consistent with the magnetic point group. We clarify the general theory relating the chiral band touchings to the Chern numbers of the Fermi sheets enclosing them, and use this approach to determine the Chern numbers on the Fermi surface of bcc Fe. Although most Fermi sheets enclose Weyl nodes, in almost all cases the net enclosed charge vanishes for symmetry reasons, resulting in a vanishing Chern number. The exceptions are two inversion-symmetric electron pockets along the symmetry line $\Delta$ parallel to the magnetization. Each of them surrounds a single Weyl point, leading to Chern numbers of $\pm 1$. These small topological pockets contribute a sizable amount to the nonquantized part of the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity, proportional to their reciprocal-space separation. Variation of the Fermi level (or other system parameters) may lead to a touching event between Fermi sheets, accompanied by a transfer of Chern number between them.