Brick polytopes, lattice quotients, and Hopf algebras

TL;DR

This paper generalizes the connections between lattice structures, polytopes, and Hopf algebras from binary trees to acyclic k-triangulations, establishing new combinatorial and algebraic frameworks.

Contribution

It introduces a surjection from permutations to acyclic k-triangulations, characterizes the lattice quotient, and constructs a Hopf subalgebra based on these structures.

Findings

The surjection's fibers form classes of a specific congruence on permutations.

The increasing flip order on k-triangulations is a lattice quotient of the weak order.

A Hopf subalgebra indexed by acyclic k-triangulations is defined with explicit product and coproduct operations.

Abstract

This paper is motivated by the interplay between the Tamari lattice, J.-L. Loday's realization of the associahedron, and J.-L. Loday and M. Ronco's Hopf algebra on binary trees. We show that these constructions extend in the world of acyclic $k$-triangulations, which were already considered as the vertices of V. Pilaud and F. Santos' brick polytopes. We describe combinatorially a natural surjection from the permutations to the acyclic $k$-triangulations. We show that the fibers of this surjection are the classes of the congruence $\equiv^k$ on $\mathfrak{S}_n$ defined as the transitive closure of the rewriting rule $U ac V_1 b_1 \cdots V_k b_k W \equiv^k U ca V_1 b_1 \cdots V_k b_k W$ for letters $a < b_1, \dots, b_k < c$ and words $U, V_1, \dots, V_k, W$ on $[n]$. We then show that the increasing flip order on $k$-triangulations is the lattice quotient of the weak order by this congruence. Moreover, we use this surjection to define a Hopf subalgebra of C. Malvenuto and C. Reutenauer's Hopf algebra on permutations, indexed by acyclic $k$-triangulations, and to describe the product and coproduct in this algebra and its dual in term of combinatorial operations on acyclic $k$-triangulations. Finally, we extend our results in three directions, describing a Cambrian, a tuple, and a Schr\"oder version of these constructions.