From Floquet to Dicke: quantum spin-Hall insulator interacting with quantum light

TL;DR

This paper explores how quantized electromagnetic fields influence the edge states of a quantum spin-Hall insulator, revealing a superradiant phase transition, topological ground states, and unique edge photocurrents.

Contribution

It introduces the effects of quantized light-matter interaction on quantum spin-Hall insulators, including a superradiant transition and topological changes in the ground state.

Findings

Superradiant phase transition occurs at arbitrary weak coupling.

Edge photocurrent exhibits pseudo-quantized behavior at low frequencies.

Photon spectral function shows Goldstone and Higgs-like modes.

Abstract

Time-periodic perturbations due to classical electromagnetic fields are useful to engineer the topological properties of matter using the Floquet theory. Here we investigate the effect of quantized electromagnetic fields by focusing on the quantized light-matter interaction on the edge state of a quantum spin-Hall insulator. A Dicke-type superradiant phase transition occurs at arbitrary weak coupling, the electronic spectrum acquires a finite gap and the resulting ground state manifold is topological with Chern number $\pm 1$. When the total number of excitations is conserved, a photocurrent is generated along the edge, being pseudo-quantized as $\omega\ln(1/\omega)$ in the low frequency limit, and decaying as $1/\omega$ for high frequencies with $\omega$ the photon frequency. The photon spectral function exhibits a clean Goldstone mode, a Higgs like collective mode at the optical gap and the polariton continuum.