Quantum coin flipping secure against channel noises

TL;DR

This paper introduces a nested framework for quantum coin flipping that is partially tolerant to channel noise, balancing security and correctness, and establishes a lower bias bound of 0.25.

Contribution

It proposes a novel nested-structured framework enabling noise-tolerant quantum coin flipping protocols and provides a lower bias bound for cheating strategies.

Findings

Framework achieves partial noise tolerance in QCF

Lower bias bound of 0.25 for cheating parties

Can incorporate existing and future protocols

Abstract

So far, most of existed single-shot quantum coin flipping(QCF) protocols failed in a noisy quantum channel. Here, we present a nested-structured framework that makes it possible to achieve partially noise-tolerant QCF, due to that there is a trade-off between the security and the justice correctness. It is showed that noise-tolerant single-shot QCF protocols can be produced by filling the presented framework up with existed or even future protocols. We also proved a lower bound of 0.25, with which a cheating Alice or Bob could bias the outcome.