Quasi-B-mode generated by high-frequency gravitational waves and corresponding perturbative photon fluxes

TL;DR

This paper proposes that high-frequency gravitational waves can produce a quasi-B-mode pattern in photon fluxes, offering a potential method to distinguish and observe these waves from other sources despite significant challenges.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of quasi-B-mode generated by high-frequency GWs and explores its potential for detecting relic HFGWs, highlighting their unique physical behaviors.

Findings

High-frequency GWs can induce quasi-B-mode photon fluxes.

The quasi-B-mode offers a way to distinguish HFGWs from background signals.

Detection of relic HFGWs may be feasible with future technology.

Abstract

Interaction of very low-frequency primordial(relic) gravitational waves(GWs) to cosmic microwave background(CMB) can generate B-mode polarization. Here, for the first time we point out that the electromagnetic(EM) response to high-frequency GWs(HFGWs) would produce quasi-B-mode distribution of the perturbative photon fluxes, and study the duality and high complementarity between such two B-modes. Based on this quasi-B-mode in HFGWs, it is shown that the distinguishing and observing of HFGWs from the braneworld would be quite possible due to their large amplitude, higher frequency and very different physical behaviors between the perturbative photon fluxes and background photons, and the measurement of relic HFGWs may also be possible though face to enormous challenge.