Mobile vector soliton in a spin-orbit coupled spin-$1$ condensate

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation and dynamics of vector solitons in a spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, revealing distinct properties in antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic regimes through numerical and variational methods.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of vector solitons in a spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC, highlighting their symmetry properties and mobility differences based on magnetic domain.

Findings

Antiferromagnetic solitons are time-reversal symmetric with multi-peak densities.

Ferromagnetic solitons violate time-reversal symmetry with single-peak densities.

Single-peak ferromagnetic solitons can move as true solitons maintaining constant densities.

Abstract

We study the formation of bound states and three-component bright vector solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled hyperfine spin $f=1$ Bose-Einstein condensate using numerical solution and variational approximation of a mean-field model. In the antiferromagnetic domain, the solutions are time-reversal symmetric, and the component densities have multi-peak structure. In the ferromagnetic domain, the solutions violate time-reversal symmetry, and the component densities have single-peak structure. The dynamics of the system is not Galelian invariant. From an analysis of Galelian invariance, we establish that the single-peak ferromagnetic vector solitons are true solitons and can move maintaining constant component densities, whereas the antiferromagnetic solitons cannot move with constant component densities.