Vetoing Cosmogenic Muons in A Large Liquid Scintillator

TL;DR

This paper uses FLUKA simulations to optimize veto strategies against cosmogenic muons in large liquid scintillator detectors, balancing background rejection and physics sensitivity for neutrino experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a new optimized veto strategy based on muon energy and tracking quality, improving background rejection with minimal impact on physics goals.

Findings

Optimal veto involves 2m radius, 1.1s cylindrical vetoes for well tracked muons

Rejection efficiency below 90% still maintains physics sensitivity

Veto strategy is insensitive to muon tracking ability

Abstract

At upcoming medium baseline reactor neutrino experiments the spallation 9Li background will be somewhat larger than the inverse beta decay reactor neutrino signal. We use new FLUKA simulations of spallation backgrounds to optimize a class of veto strategies and find that surprisingly the optimal veto for the mass hierarchy determination has a rejection efficiency below 90%. The unrejected background has only a modest effect on the physics goals. For example $\Delta\chi^2$ for the hierarchy determination falls by 1.4 to 3 points depending on the muon tracking ability. The optimal veto strategy is essentially insensitive to the tracking ability, consisting of 2 meter radius, 1.1 second cylindrical vetoes of well tracked muons with showering energies above 3 to 4 GeV and 0.7 second full detector vetoes for poorly tracked muons above 15 to 18 GeV. On the other hand, as the uncertainty in theta12 will be dominated by the uncertainty in the reactor neutrino spectrum and not statistical fluctuations, the optimal rejection efficiency for the measurement of theta12 is 93% in the case of perfect tracking.