The mod 2 dual Steenrod algebra as a subalgebra of the mod 2 dual Leibniz-Hopf algebra

TL;DR

This paper explores the dual Steenrod algebra at mod 2 as a subalgebra of the dual Leibniz-Hopf algebra, providing new insights and generalizations of classical results in algebraic topology.

Contribution

It presents a novel perspective by viewing the dual Steenrod algebra as a sub-Hopf algebra within the dual Leibniz-Hopf algebra, extending classical results.

Findings

Identification of the dual Steenrod algebra as a subalgebra

Generalizations of classical algebraic topology results

Enhanced understanding of algebraic structures in topology

Abstract

The mod 2 Steenrod algebra $\mathcal{A}_2$ can be defined as the quotient of the mod 2 Leibniz--Hopf algebra $\mathcal{F}_2$ by the Adem relations. Dually, the mod 2 dual Steenrod algebra $\mathcal{A}_2^*$ can be thought of as a sub-Hopf algebra of the mod 2 dual Leibniz--Hopf algebra $\mathcal{F}_2^*$. We study $\mathcal{A}_2^*$ and $\mathcal{F}_2^*$ from this viewpoint and give generalisations of some classical results in the literature.