Cooling of a one-dimensional Bose gas

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel cooling method for a one-dimensional Bose gas via homogeneous particle dissipation and dephasing, revealing new insights into quantum equilibration despite the lack of thermalizing collisions.

Contribution

It introduces a new cooling mechanism for 1D Bose gases that does not rely on thermalizing collisions, expanding understanding of quantum many-body dynamics.

Findings

Substantial cooling achieved without thermalizing collisions

Established a temperature-particle number scaling relation

Provided insights into quantum equilibration processes

Abstract

We experimentally study the dynamics of a degenerate one-dimensional Bose gas that is subject to a continuous outcoupling of atoms. Although standard evaporative cooling is rendered ineffective by the absence of thermalizing collisions in this system, we observe substantial cooling. This cooling proceeds through homogeneous particle dissipation and many-body dephasing, enabling the preparation of otherwise unexpectedly low temperatures. Our observations establish a scaling relation between temperature and particle number, and provide insights into equilibration in the quantum world.