New Theoretical Results on Event-by-Event Fluctuations

TL;DR

This paper presents new theoretical insights into event-by-event fluctuations, introducing strongly intensive measures and the identity method, with applications to particle number fluctuations near critical points.

Contribution

It provides novel theoretical results on fluctuations, including strongly intensive measures and the identity method, enhancing analysis of fluctuations in systems with volume variations.

Findings

Introduction of strongly intensive measures for fluctuation analysis

Development of the identity method for chemical fluctuations

Application to particle number fluctuations near critical points

Abstract

Several theoretical results concerning event-by-event fluctuations are discussed: (1) a role of the global conservation laws and concept of statistical ensembles; (2) strongly intensive measures are introduced; they give a possibility to study e-by-e fluctuations for physical systems with volume fluctuations; (3) identity method for chemical fluctuations in a case of incomplete particle identification; (4) the example of particle number fluctuations in a vicinity of the critical point.