Model comparison for the density structure along solar prominence threads

TL;DR

This study compares different theoretical models of density distribution along solar prominence threads using Bayesian methods, finding that Lorentzian profiles best explain larger period ratios, while Gaussian and parabolic models are plausible for intermediate ratios.

Contribution

It introduces Bayesian inference and model comparison techniques to evaluate density profiles along prominence threads, providing a systematic approach to interpret observational data.

Findings

Lorentzian profile best fits larger period ratios.

Gaussian profile requires unrealistic density gradients.

Parabolic profile is less constrained but plausible for certain ratios.

Abstract

Quiescent solar prominence fine structures are typically modelled as density enhancements, called threads, which occupy a fraction of a longer magnetic flux tube. The profile of the mass density along the magnetic field is however unknown and several arbitrary alternatives are employed in prominence wave studies. We present a comparison of theoretical models for the field-aligned density along prominence fine structures. We consider Lorentzian, Gaussian, and parabolic profiles. We compare their theoretical predictions for the period ratio between the fundamental transverse kink mode and the first overtone to obtain estimates for the ratio of densities between the central part of the tube and its foot-points and to assess which one would better explain observed period ratio data. Bayesian parameter inference and model comparison techniques are developed and applied. Parameter inference requires the computation of the posterior distribution for the density gradient parameter conditional on the observable period ratio. Model comparison involves the computation of the marginal likelihood as a function of the period ratio to obtain the plausibility of each density model and the computation of Bayes Factors to quantify the relative evidence for each model, given a period ratio observation. A Lorentzian density profile, with plasma density concentrated around the centre of the tube seems to offer the most plausible inversion result. A Gaussian profile would require unrealistically large values of the density gradient parameter and a parabolic density distribution does not enable us to obtain well constrained posterior probability distributions. However, our model comparison results indicate that the evidence points to the Gaussian and parabolic profiles for period ratios in between 2 and 3, while the Lorentzian profile is preferred for larger period ratio values.