Tunneling of Vector Particles from Lorentzian Wormholes in 3+1 Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the Hawking radiation of massive vector particles from 3+1 dimensional Lorentzian wormholes using quantum tunneling, deriving the tunneling rate and Hawking temperature, which interestingly turns out to be negative.

Contribution

It introduces a method to analyze vector particle tunneling from Lorentzian wormholes and derives the associated Hawking temperature using the Hamilton-Jacobi approach.

Findings

Derived the tunneling rate for vector particles from wormholes.

Obtained the Hawking temperature, which is negative.

Applied the Hamilton-Jacobi and WKB methods to this context.

Abstract

In this article, we consider the Hawking radiation (HR) of vector (massive spin-1) particles from the traversable Lorentzian wormholes (TLWH) in 3+1 dimensions. We start by providing the Proca equations for the TLWH. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ)ans\"{a}tz with the WKB approximation in the quantum tunneling method, we obtain the probabilities of the emission/absorption modes. Then, we derive the tunneling rate of the emitted vector particles and manage to read the standard Hawking temperature of the TLWH. The result obtained represents a negative temperature, which is also discussed.