Fine pitch CdTe-based Hard-X-ray polarimeter performance for space science in the 70-300 keV energy range

TL;DR

This paper presents a CdTe-based fine-pitch imaging spectrometer, Caliste, capable of high-precision X-ray polarization measurements in space, validated through simulations and experimental data, enhancing observational capabilities for astrophysics.

Contribution

The development and validation of a high-resolution, fine-pitch CdTe detector for X-ray polarimetry in space, with demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy in the 50-300 keV range.

Findings

High polarization measurement accuracy demonstrated at ESRF.

Achieved a Q factor of 0.78 in 200-300 keV range.

Q factor of 0.64 at 70 keV, suitable for space applications.

Abstract

X-rays astrophysical sources have been almost exclusively characterized through imaging, spectroscopy and timing analysis. Nevertheless, more observational parameters are needed because some radiation mechanisms present in neutrons stars or black holes are still unclear. Polarization measurements will play a key role in discrimination between different X-ray emission models. Such a capability becomes a mandatory requirement for the next generation of high-energy space proposals. We have developed a CdTe-based fine-pitch imaging spectrometer, Caliste, able to respond to these new requirements. With a 580-micron pitch and 1 keV energy resolution at 60 keV, we are able to accurately reconstruct the polarization angle and polarization fraction of an impinging flux of photons which are scattered by 90{\deg} after Compton diffusion within the crystal. Thanks to its high performance in both imaging and spectrometry, Caliste turns out to be a powerful device for high-energy polarimetry. In this paper, we present the principles and the results obtained for this kind of measurements: on one hand, we describe the simulation tool we have developed to predict the polarization performances in the 50-300 keV energy range. On the other hand, we compare simulation results with experimental data taken at ESRF ID15A (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) using a mono-energetic polarized beam tuned between 35 and 300 keV. We show that it is possible with this detector to determine with high precision the polarization parameters (direction and fraction) for different irradiation conditions. Applying a judicious energy selection to our data set, we reach a remarkable sensitivity level characterized by an optimum Quality Factor of 0.78 in the 200-300 keV range. We also evaluate the sensitivity of our device at 70 keV, where hard X-ray mirrors are already available; the measured Q factor is 0.64 at 70 keV.