Geometries from field theories

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to derive a classical higher-dimensional geometry from a lower-dimensional quantum field theory using gradient flow, demonstrating the emergence of an AdS space in a specific model.

Contribution

The authors develop a novel approach to define a $d+1$ dimensional geometry from a $d$ dimensional quantum field theory via gradient flow, showing classical geometry emergence in the large $N$ limit.

Findings

Induced metric becomes classical as $N$ increases.

In the $O(N)$ model, the metric describes an AdS space in the massless limit.

Quantum fluctuations of the metric are suppressed as $1/N$.

Abstract

We propose a method to define a $d+1$ dimensional geometry from a $d$ dimensional quantum field theory in the $1/N$ expansion. We first construct a $d+1$ dimensional field theory from the $d$ dimensional one via the gradient flow equation, whose flow time $t$ represents the energy scale of the system such that $t\rightarrow 0$ corresponds to the ultra-violet (UV) while $t\rightarrow\infty$ to the infra-red (IR). We then define the induced metric from $d+1$ dimensional field operators. We show that the metric defined in this way becomes classical in the large $N$ limit, in a sense that quantum fluctuations of the metric are suppressed as $1/N$ due to the large $N$ factorization property. As a concrete example, we apply our method to the O(N) non-linear $\sigma$ model in two dimensions. We calculate the three dimensional induced metric, which is shown to describe an AdS space in the massless limit. We finally discuss several open issues in future studies.