Comparing different indicators of quasar orientation

TL;DR

This study compares various indicators of quasar orientation, finding that normalizing radio core luminosity by optical continuum luminosity provides the most reliable measure, with implications for understanding jet physics.

Contribution

The paper evaluates four core dominance measures using a new, orientation-unbiased quasar sample, demonstrating the superiority of optical-normalized radio core luminosity as an orientation indicator.

Findings

Optical-normalized radio core luminosity is the best orientation indicator.

Beamed optical synchrotron emission is not significant in the sample.

The new sample minimizes orientation bias, improving indicator evaluation.

Abstract

Radio core dominance, the rest-frame ratio of core to lobe luminosity, has been widely used as a measure of Doppler boosting of a quasar's radio jets and hence of the inclination of the central engine's spin axis to the line of sight. However, the use of the radio lobe luminosity in the denominator (essentially to try and factor out the intrinsic power of the central engine) has been criticized and other proxies for the intrinsic engine power have been proposed. These include the optical continuum luminosity, and the luminosity of the narrow-line region. Each is plausible, but so far none has been shown to be clearly better than the others. In this paper we evaluate four different measures of core dominance using a new sample of 126 radio loud quasars, carefully selected to be as free as possible of orientation bias, together with high quality VLA images and optical spectra from the SDSS. We find that normalizing the radio core luminosity by the optical continuum luminosity yields a demonstrably superior orientation indicator. In addition, by comparing the equivalent widths of broad emission lines in our orientation-unbiased sample to those of sources in the MOJAVE program, we show that the beamed optical synchrotron emission from the jets is not a significant component of the optical continuum for the sources in our sample. We also discuss future applications of these results.