Sato theory on the $q$-Toda hierarchy and its extension

TL;DR

This paper develops the Sato theory for a new $q$-deformed Toda hierarchy, extends it to a more general hierarchy, and explores its integrability, symmetries, and potential applications in Gromov-Witten theory.

Contribution

It introduces the Sato theory, tau functions, and bi-Hamiltonian structure for the $q$-Toda hierarchy and extends it to a multicomponent version with preserved integrability.

Findings

Constructed the Sato theory and tau function for the $q$-Toda hierarchy

Extended the hierarchy to include generalized Hirota equations and symmetries

Established the integrability and bi-Hamiltonian structure of the extended hierarchy

Abstract

In this paper, we construct the Sato theory including the Hirota bilinear equations and tau function of a new $q$-deformed Toda hierarchy(QTH). Meanwhile the Block type additional symmetry and bi-Hamiltonian structure of this hierarchy are given. From Hamiltonian tau symmetry, we give another definition of tau function of this hierarchy. Afterwards, we extend the $q$-Toda hierarchy to an extended $q$-Toda hierarchy(EQTH) which satisfy a generalized Hirota quadratic equation in terms of generalized vertex operators. The Hirota quadratic equation might have further application in Gromov-Witten theory. The corresponding Sato theory including multi-fold Darboux transformations of this extended hierarchy is also constructed. At last, we construct the multicomponent extension of the $q$-Toda hierarchy and show the integrability including its bi-Hamiltonian structure, tau symmetry and conserved densities.