Mathematical modeling of physical capital using the spatial Solow model

TL;DR

This paper extends the spatial Solow model to include physical capital diffusion across borders, modeling smuggling effects with PDEs, and demonstrates how border policies impact economic growth.

Contribution

It introduces a PDE-based model with non-zero boundary flux to analyze smuggling's impact on physical capital and economic growth.

Findings

Physical capital diffusion differs from classical models when boundary flux is non-zero.

Smuggling influences physical capital dynamics and economic growth.

Border control measures can significantly affect capital flow and growth outcomes.

Abstract

This research deals with the mathematical modeling of the physical capital diffusion through the borders of the countries. The physical capital is considered an important variable for the economic growth of a country. Here we use an extension of the economic Solow model to describe how the smuggling affects the economic growth of the countries. In this study we rely on a production function that is non-concave instead of the classical Cobb-Douglas production function. In order to model the physical capital diffusion through the borders of the country, we developed a model based on a parabolic partial differential equation that describes the dynamics of physical capital and boundary conditions of Neumann type. Smuggling is present in many borders between countries and may include fuel, machinery and food. This smuggling through the borders is a problematic issue for the country's economies. The smuggling problem usually is related mainly to a non-official exchange rate that is different than the official rate or subsides. Numerical simulations are obtained using an explicit finite difference scheme that shows how the physical capital diffusion through the border of the countries. The study of physical capital is a paramount issue for the economic growth of many countries for the next years. The results show that the dynamics of the physical capital when boundary conditions of Neumann type are different than zero differ from the classical economic behavior observed in the classical spatial Solow model without physical capital flux through the borders of countries. Finally, it can be concluded that avoiding the smuggling through the frontiers is an important factor that affects the economic growth of the countries.