The Equilibrium Statistical Model of Economic Systems using Concepts and Theorems of Statistical Physics

TL;DR

This paper applies concepts from statistical physics to model economic systems, introducing parameters like economic temperature and pressure, and deriving theorems that describe wealth and population distributions in equilibrium.

Contribution

It develops a novel equilibrium statistical model for economics, defining new parameters and deriving theorems that connect physical concepts with economic distributions.

Findings

Most of the population is middle class in stable systems

The model predicts wealth and population distributions consistent with observed economic patterns

The approach provides a framework for optimizing societal development

Abstract

Economic systems are similar with physic systems for their large number of individuals and the exist of equilibrium. In this paper, we present a model applying the equilibrium statistical model in economic systems. Consistent with statistical physics, we define a series of concepts, such as economic temperature, economic pressure, economic potential, wealth and population. Moreover, we suggest that these parameters show pretty close relationship with the concepts in economy. This paper presents related concepts in the equilibrium economic model and constructs significant theorems and corollaries, which is derived from the priori possibility postulate, getting theorems including the equilibrium theorem between open systems, the distribution theorem of wealth and population along with related corollaries. More importantly, we demonstrate a method constructing optimal density of states, optimizing a macroscopic parameter depending on need to get the distribution of density of states utilizing the variation method, which is significant for the development of a society. In addition, we calculate a simple economic system as an example, indicating that the system occupied mostly by the middle class could develop stably and soundly, explaining the reason for resulting distributions of macroscopic parameters.