The imprint of massive black-hole mergers on the correlation between nuclear clusters and their host galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates how massive black-hole mergers influence the relationship between nuclear star clusters and their host galaxies, revealing increased scatter in correlations at high galaxy masses due to star ejection by black-hole binaries.

Contribution

It provides observational and theoretical evidence that black-hole mergers affect nuclear star cluster properties and their correlations with host galaxy mass, explaining reduced scatter in certain ratios.

Findings

Increased scatter in NSC scaling relations at high galaxy masses.

Star ejection by black-hole binaries causes this scatter.

Co-existence of MBHs and NSCs is supported by observations.

Abstract

A literature compilation of nuclear star cluster (NSC) masses is used to study the correlation between global and nuclear properties. A comparison of observational data to the predictions of semi-analytical galaxy formation models places constraints on the co-evolution of NSCs, massive black holes (MBHs) and host galaxies. Both data and theoretical predictions show an increased scatter in the NSC scaling correlations at high galaxy masses, and we show that this is due to the progressively more efficient ejection of stars from NSCs caused by MBH binaries in more massive stellar spheroids. Our results provide a natural explanation of why in nucleated galaxies hosting a MBH, the ratio (M_NSC+M_MBH)/M_bulge (with M_bulge the host spheroid's mass) shows significantly less scatter than M_NSC/M_bulge, and suggest that the formation of MBHs and NSCs are not mutually exclusive, as also supported by observations of co-existing systems. Both MBHs and NSCs represent generic products of galaxy formation, with NSCs being destroyed or modified by the merger evolution of their companion MBHs.