Are Ultra Long Gamma Ray Bursts powered by black holes spinning down?

TL;DR

This paper explores whether Ultra Long Gamma Ray Bursts are powered by spinning down black holes, proposing that their duration depends on magnetic flux and suggesting a progenitor star with low magnetic field as the source.

Contribution

It introduces a model linking GRB duration to magnetic flux on black holes, providing a new perspective on the origin of Ultra Long GRBs.

Findings

Ultra Long GRBs may originate from progenitors with low magnetic fields.

The duration of GRBs depends on magnetic flux accumulated on the black hole.

Black hole spin-down can power long-duration gamma-ray bursts.

Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are violent explosions, coming from cosmological distances. They are detected in gamma-rays (also X-rays, UV, optical, radio) almost every day, and have typical durations of a few seconds to a few minutes. Some GRBs have been reported with extraordinary duration of 10^4 sec, the so-called Ultra Long GRBs. It has been debated whether these form a new distinct class of events or whether they are similar to long GRBs. According to Blandford & Znajek (1977), the spin energy of a rotating black hole can be extracted electromagnetically, should the hole be endowed with a magnetic field supported by electric currents in a surrounding disk. We argue that this can be the case for the central engines of GRBs and we show that the duration of the burst depends on the magnetic flux accumulated on the event horizon of the black hole. We thus estimate the surface magnetic field of a possible progenitor star, and we conclude that an Ultra Long GRB may originate from a progenitor star with a relatively low magnetic field.