The soft and hard X-rays thermal emission from star cluster winds with a supernova explosion

TL;DR

This paper uses 3D simulations to study how metallicity and thermal conduction influence the thermal X-ray emission from superbubbles created by star cluster winds and supernovae.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed 3D modeling approach to analyze the effects of metallicity and thermal conduction on X-ray emissions in star cluster superbubbles.

Findings

Thermal conduction significantly affects X-ray emission properties.

Metallicity variations alter the temperature and luminosity of the superbubbles.

Simulations reveal complex interactions between winds, supernovae, and the surrounding medium.

Abstract

Massive young star clusters contain dozens or hundreds of massive stars that inject mechanical energy in the form of winds and supernova explosions, producing an outflow which expands into their surrounding medium, shocking it and forming structures called superbubbles. The regions of shocked material can have temperatures in excess of 10$^6$ K, and emit mainly in thermal X-rays (soft and hard). This X-ray emission is strongly affected by the action of thermal conduction, as well as by the metallicity of the material injected by the massive stars. We present three-dimensional numerical simulations exploring these two effects, metallicity of the stellar winds and supernova explosions, as well as thermal conduction.