Hydrodynamic model for picosecond propagation of laser-created nanoplasmas

TL;DR

This paper introduces a two-step simulation approach combining molecular dynamics and hydrodynamics to efficiently model the long-timescale expansion of laser-created nanoplasmas, providing accurate results with reduced computational effort.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel two-step Molecular Dynamics-Hydrodynamic scheme for simulating nanoplasma expansion, improving efficiency over traditional molecular dynamics alone.

Findings

Hydrodynamic simulations match molecular dynamics results for nanoplasma expansion.

Hydrodynamic approach significantly reduces computational cost.

Model accurately captures key propagation features without impact ionization processes.

Abstract

The interaction of a free-electron-laser pulse with a moderate or large size cluster is known to create a quasi-neutral nanoplasma, which then expands on hydrodynamic timescale, i.e., $>1$ ps. To have a better understanding of ion and electron data from experiments derived from laser-irradiated clusters, one needs to simulate cluster dynamics on such long timescales for which the molecular dynamics approach becomes inefficient. We therefore propose a two-step Molecular Dynamics-Hydrodynamic scheme. In the first step we use molecular dynamics code to follow the dynamics of an irradiated cluster until all the photo-excitation and corresponding relaxation processes are finished and a nanoplasma, consisting of ground-state ions and thermalized electrons, is formed. In the second step we perform long-timescale propagation of this nanoplasma with a computationally efficient hydrodynamic approach. In the present paper we examine the feasibility of a hydrodynamic two-fluid approach to follow the expansion of spherically symmetric nanoplasma, without accounting for the impact ionization and three-body recombination processes at this stage. We compare our results with the corresponding molecular dynamics simulations. We show that all relevant information about the nanoplasma propagation can be extracted from hydrodynamic simulations at a significantly lower computational cost when compared to a molecular dynamics approach. Finally, we comment on the accuracy and limitations of our present model and discuss possible future developments of the two-step strategy.