On physical vacuum as an unobservable system

TL;DR

This paper explores the geometric and fractal properties of the physical vacuum, proposing that its unobservable nature leads to a four-dimensional closed space-time and fractal characteristics in real systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel geometric interpretation of the physical vacuum as a four-dimensional closed space and links vacuum fluctuations to fractal structures in real systems.

Findings

Vacuum space-time is four-dimensional and closed.

Vacuum fluctuations induce fractal properties in real systems.

The model aligns with the unobservable nature of the vacuum in general relativity.

Abstract

Modern astronomical observations in cosmology provide increasingly strong evidence that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. Explanations of the cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity use the hypothesis about a dark energy field (physical vacuum) with unrealistic fine-tuned unnatural properties to the properties of the observable matter. The main difficulty of the speculative models is that the gravitational properties of the vacuum are unknown. In this work the geometric properties of the physical vacuum which are the consequence of its general property to be unobservable (vacuum does not affect the motions of any real bodies) are considered. It is shown that the effective homogeneous and isotropic space-time of the physical vacuum has four closed dimensions. The vacuum fluctuations create interactions of the real particles. It is shown if we assume the cause principle and there are not any arbitrary real particles births then the lengths of waves of vacuum fluctuations make the fractal manifold. In this case all real systems have the fractal properties.