Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Exoplanets

TL;DR

This paper estimates the gravitational wave background generated by the orbital motions of exoplanets, finding it to be below current detection thresholds but potentially observable by future space-based GW missions, offering a new way to study exoplanet populations.

Contribution

The study provides the first estimate of the stochastic gravitational wave background from exoplanets, linking planetary distributions to gravitational wave signals and assessing detectability.

Findings

The GW background from exoplanets is below current detection sensitivities.

The spectrum peaks around 10^{-5} Hz, near future space mission capabilities.

Extragalactic GW background from exoplanets is comparable or less than the galactic background.

Abstract

Recent exoplanet surveys have predicted a very large population of planetary systems in our galaxy, more than one planet per star on the average, perhaps totalling about two hundred billion. These surveys, based on electro-magnetic observations, are limited to a very small neighbourhood of the solar system and the estimations rely on the observations of only a few thousand planets. On the other hand, orbital motions of planets around stars are expected to emit gravitational waves (GW), which could provide information about the planets not accessible to electro-magnetic astronomy. The cumulative effect of the planets, with periods ranging from few hours to several years, is expected to create a stochastic GW background (SGWB). We compute the characteristic GW strain of this background based on the observed distribution of planet parameters. We also show that the integrated extragalactic background is comparable or less than the galactic background at different frequencies. Our estimate shows that the net background is significantly below the sensitivities of the proposed GW experiments in different frequency bands. However, we notice that the peak of the spectrum, at around $10^{-5}$Hz, is not too far below the proposed space based GW missions. A future space based mission may be able to observe or tightly constrain this signal, which will possibly be the only way to probe the galactic population of exoplanets as a whole.