PIC simulation study of the interaction between a relativistically moving leptonic micro-cloud and ambient electrons

TL;DR

This study uses PIC simulations to explore how a relativistically moving leptonic micro-cloud interacts with ambient electrons, revealing filamentation instabilities, electromagnetic field growth, and wakefield generation relevant to astrophysical and laboratory plasma conditions.

Contribution

It investigates the effects of spatial non-uniformity on filamentation instabilities in a relativistic leptonic micro-cloud interacting with background plasma, an area previously unexplored.

Findings

Filamentation instability develops between the micro-cloud and background electrons.

Electromagnetic fields grow from noise levels, redistributing particles and amplifying magnetic fields.

The instability induces an electrostatic wakefield in the background plasma.

Abstract

The jets of compact accreting objects are composed of electrons and a mixture of positrons and ions. These outflows impinge on the interstellar or intergalactic medium and both plasmas interact via collisionless processes. Filamentation (beam-Weibel) instabilities give rise to the growth of strong electromagnetic fields. These fields thermalize the interpenetrating plasmas. Hitherto, the effects imposed by a spatial non-uniformity on filamentation instabilities have remained unexplored. We examine the interaction between spatially uniform background electrons and a minuscule cloud of electrons and positrons. A square micro-cloud of equally dense electrons and positrons impinges in our particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation on a spatially uniform plasma at rest. The mean speed of the micro-cloud corresponds to a relativistic factor of 15, which is relevant for laboratory experiments and for relativistic astrophysical outflows. The spatial distributions of the leptons and of the electromagnetic fields are examined at several times. A filamentation instability develops between the magnetic field carried by the micro-cloud and the background electrons. The electromagnetic fields, which grow from noise levels, redistribute the electrons and positrons within the cloud, which boosts the peak magnetic field amplitude. The current density and the moduli of the electromagnetic fields grow aperiodically in time and steadily along the direction that is anti-parallel to the cloud's velocity vector. The micro-cloud remains conjoined during the simulation. The instability induces an electrostatic wakefield in the background plasma.