Antenna Gain and Link Budget for Waves Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)

TL;DR

This paper develops an asymptotic formula for RF link budgets using orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves, enabling analysis and design of multi-channel communication systems exploiting OAM's orthogonality.

Contribution

It introduces a novel asymptotic formulation for link budgets with OAM waves, validated by simulations, facilitating system design with multiple superimposed channels.

Findings

The formula accurately predicts antenna gains and free-space losses for OAM modes.

It enables quantification of additional losses due to OAM use.

The approach supports designing multi-channel systems with orthogonal OAM modes.

Abstract

This paper addresses the RF link budget of a communication system using unusual waves carrying an orbital angular momentum (OAM) in order to clearly analyse the fundamental changes for telecommunication applications. The study is based on a typical configuration using circular array antennas to transmit and receive OAM waves. For any value of the OAM mode order, an original asymptotic formulation of the link budget is proposed in which equivalent antenna gains and free-space losses appear. The formulations are then validated with the results of a commercial electromagnetic simulation software. By this way, we also show how our formula can help to design a system capable of superimposing several channels on the same bandwidth and the same polarisation, based on the orthogonality of the OAM. Additional losses due to the use of this degree of freedom are notably clearly calculated to quantify the benefit and drawback according to the case.