Light Quarks in the Screened Dyon-Anti-Dyon Coulomb Liquid Model II

TL;DR

This paper extends the dyon-anti-dyon liquid model to include light quarks, demonstrating how chiral symmetry breaking occurs in the dense plasma phase and analyzing the effects of multiple flavors and colors on symmetry restoration.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed extension of the dyon-anti-dyon model with light quarks, showing the interplay between chiral and center symmetry in dense phases.

Findings

Chiral condensate forms in the dense plasma phase.

Chiral and center symmetry breakings occur simultaneously at certain flavor-to-color ratios.

Reorganization into dyon-antidyon molecules can restore chiral symmetry.

Abstract

We discuss an extension of the dyon-anti-dyon liquid model that includes light quarks in the dense center symmetric Coulomb phase. In this work, like in our previous one, we use the simplest color SU(2) group. We start with a single fermion flavor $N_f=1$ and explicitly map the theory onto a 3-dimensional quantum effective theory with a fermion that is only U$_V(1)$ symmetric. We use it to show that the dense center symmetric plasma develops, in the mean field approximation, a nonzero chiral condensate, although the ensuing Goldstone mode is massive due to the U$_A(1)$ axial-anomaly. We estimate the chiral condensate and $\sigma,\eta$ meson masses for $N_f=1$. We then extend our analysis to several flavors $N_f>1$ and colors $N_c>2$ and show that center symmetry and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking disappear simultaneously when $x=N_f/N_c\geq 2$ in the dense plasma phase. A reorganization of the dense plasma phase into a gas of dyon-antidyon molecules restores chiral symmetry, but may preserve center symmetry in the linearized approximation. We estimate the corresponding critical temperature.