On the Unification of Random Matrix Theories

TL;DR

This paper introduces the particle diagram method for calculating moments of embedded random matrix ensembles, simplifying complex calculations and enabling analysis of unified phase space statistics in random matrix theories.

Contribution

The paper develops a rigorous particle diagram framework for embedded random matrix calculations, facilitating classification and computation of moments in a unified theory context.

Findings

Particle diagrams classify moment components into particle paths.

The method simplifies calculation of higher moments.

Asymptotic analysis predicts which terms dominate in large limits.

Abstract

A new method involving particle diagrams is introduced and developed into a rigorous framework for carrying out embedded random matrix calculations. Using particle diagrams and the attendant methodology including loop counting it becomes possible to calculate the fourth, sixth and eighth moments of embedded ensembles in a straightforward way. The method, which will be called the method of particle diagrams, proves useful firstly by providing a means of classifying the components of moments into particle paths, or loops, and secondly by giving a simple algorithm for calculating the magnitude of combinatorial expressions prior to calculating them explicitly. By confining calculations to the limit case $m \ll l\to\infty$ this in many cases provides a sufficient excuse not to calculate certain terms at all, since it can be foretold using the method of particle diagrams that they will not survive in this asymptotic regime. Applying the method of particle diagrams washes out a great deal of the complexity intrinsic to the problem, with sufficient mathematical structure remaining to yield limiting statistics for the unified phase space of random matrix theories. Finally, since the unified form of random matrix theory is essentially the set of all randomised k-body potentials, it should be no surprise that the early statistics calculated for the unified random matrix theories in some instances resemble the statistics currently being discovered for quantum spin hypergraphs and other randomised potentials on graphs [HMH05,ES14,KLW14]. This is just the beginning for studies into the field of unified random matrix theories, or embedded ensembles, and the applicability of the method of particle diagrams to a wide range of questions as well as to the more exotic symmetry classes, such as the symplectic ensembles, is still an area of open-ended research.